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Ab<\/strong>iud J. Bongole1*, Joseph P. Hella and Kenneth M. K. Bengesi 3<\/strong><\/em> <\/p>\n Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n Concerns of food insecurity and climate change are serious global challenges, Tanzania included. In response, farm households are using various climate-smart agricultural practices (CSA-practices) which are believed to play a vital role to increase agricultural productivity, increasing resilience to climate change, and reducing mitigation costs for Keywords: climate, smart, agriculture, practices, food<\/b><\/p>\n
\n1 Department of Economics, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania, 2 Department of Food and Natural Resource,<\/strong><\/em>
\nSokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu cha Kilimo, Morogoro, Tanzania, 3 Department of Policy Planning and<\/strong><\/em>
\nManagement, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu cha Kilimo, Morogoro, Tanzania<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
\ngreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while improving households\u2019 food security. Despite these benefits of CSA-practices but the usage of these practices is still voluntary and its impact on household welfare specifically food security is not well-documented in Tanzania, particularly in Mbeya and Songwe Region. Therefore, the determinants of using CSA-practices (in particular organic manure, drought-tolerant maize seeds, and irrigation) and the impact of the usage of household food security was examined. The cross-sectional study design was used to collect information from farming households in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania (Mbeya and Songwe regions). To evaluate the impact of the combination of CSA-practices on household food security the study used a multinomial endogenous treatment effect model. A counterfactual analysis was conducted to compare the impacts from different combinations of CSA-practices considered. The findings show that household, plot, and institutional characteristics have significant effects on the usage of a different combination of CSA-practices. The study also found that the highest payoff of food security is achieved when CSA-practices are used in combination rather than in isolation. The package that contains a combination of drought-tolerant maize seeds and Irrigation (Or0Dt1Ir1) gave a higher payoff than the combination of all three CSA-practices. The study suggests that based on the practices considered in this study, the usage of a combination of various practices results in better food security compared to the usage of these practices individually. This indicates that promoting a combination of CSA-practices could enhance household food security.<\/p>\n